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Oceans and Seas

The oceans are large portions of salt water, which separate the continents and occupy approximately 71% of the earth’s surface. Yuri Gagary’s mention that “the earth is blue” is due to the immense amount of water on the planet. The most used division for this water area is in five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Glacier and Antarctic Glacier.

Not every portion of water is called an ocean: there are seas, canals, gulfs, etc. The differences between each of them are linked to their shape, location and, in the case of the ocean, their salinity. Much of this area is more than 3000 meters deep; therefore, they are not yet well explored. The ocean is still an area that man has not fully explored.

Oceans are important for the maintenance of life, as they affect the climate. The water absorbs the heat of the sun and with the hot and cold currents of the ocean, the temperatures of the coastal regions change and rains and fog also occur.

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What is the difference between Oceans and Seas?

The difference between seas and oceans is in their territorial extension. The former are smaller, located in coastal areas and linked directly or indirectly with the oceans. Among the types of seas there are the open seas, which have a greater connection with the oceans; the continental seas, which have a limited connection; and closed seas, which are related to the oceans only indirectly, through rivers and channels. The oceans are bigger.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean has this name because it is a calmer ocean to navigate than the Atlantic. This “baptism” was performed by Fernão Magalhães, Portuguese navigator, approximately in 1520. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on earth in extension with approximately 180 million km² of aquatic mass and represents one third of the planet. Of all the oceans, it is one of the deepest and, therefore, one of the least explored, with more than 80% of its waters below 3000 meters.

It is located between the American continent, Australia, Asia and Antarctica. A “peculiar” feature of the Pacific Ocean is the large number of volcanoes that exist due to the Pacific Tectonic Plate, which is linked to the tectonic plates of the Philippines, Eurasian, Indian, Nazca and the North American plate.

Because of all these plates together, and their friction, many volcanoes and earthquakes happen in the Pacific Ocean. Another major incidence in the Pacific is that of the seas: large seas are connected to the Pacific such as the Sea of ​​Japan, the Sea of ​​Corals, the Sea of ​​Java, among others.

Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean on the globe and is located between the American, African and European continents, having a letter “S” format. Its name comes from the mythological deity “Atlas”, a Titan that would have been the first king of the city, also mythological of Atlantis. Atlas was later ordered, by Zeus, to carry the heavens forever.

The Atlantic Ocean occupies around 17% of the earth’s surface and 26% of the area occupied by water on the planet. Its length is around 106,400,000 km². In its interior there is the meso-oceanic mountain range, resulting from the friction between the South American tectonic plates and the African plate. Check Countryaah for detailed information about South America.

Despite not being the largest ocean, it is the one that is linked to more countries, including Brazil. Because it was linked to the great powers of maritime expansion, which occurred in the commercial revolution in the 15th to 18th centuries, the ocean was navigated to the first existing trade routes, such as Portugal to the Indies and Brazil.

Of all the oceans it is the most salty, the second in extension and the one that bathes the most countries. The highest temperatures in this ocean are close to the Equator and reach 30 ºC, while the lowest are around -2 ºC, in winter, close to the Antarctic Ocean. Its greatest depth is located in the Puerto Rico Pit, reaching 8,605 meters.

Indian Ocean

The third largest ocean in the world is the Indian Ocean. It is located between the African, Asian, Antarctic continent and also with Australia and Indonesia. It has an area of ​​approximately 73,556,000 km², less than half the area of ​​the largest Ocean, the Pacific. Its greatest depth is about 7,455 meters, located in the Java pit. Its highest temperature is registered in the area of ​​the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, reaching 32 º C. On the other hand, the low temperatures are on the border with the Antarctic Ocean, of -1 ºC.

This ocean has a high economic importance: it supplies the consumption of fish and shrimp from Asia and for export, it serves as a route for oil coming from the Persian Gulf and Indonesia, the great amount of oil that it shelters besides the many ores that are obtained in that ocean. As it is a much calmer ocean than the Atlantic and the Pacific, it is preferred for making commercial routes, as they are easier to navigate.

Antarctic Ocean

Being composed of the waters that bathe the Antarctic continent, the Antarctic Ocean is only ahead of the Arctic Ocean in extension. There are about 20,327,000 km². It is the only one that can circle the entire planet, forming a complete circle. It is also the “newest”, since it was officially recognized in 2000 by the International Hydrographic Organization, which determined its limits, which are even the same as those of the Arctic treaty.

Both the ocean and the Antarctic continent are used for peaceful and research purposes by countries like France, New Zealand, South Africa, the United States and Brazil. It houses more than 80% of the world’s fresh water. Its highest depth is around 5,000 meters. Its average temperature varies between 10 degrees positive and -2 degrees. Due to its climatic conditions, the ocean is hit by storms and strong winds. Its waters have not yet been fully explored, nor has the continent.

A curious detail is that this ocean has the largest current in the world: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which always moves eastward.

Arctic Ocean

The smallest is the Arctic Ocean. It is located in the northern hemisphere between the countries: Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Russia. Its greatest depth is 4 km, being the shallowest among the oceans. Its area is approximately 14,056,000 km².

It is not so salty due to the low evaporation that occurs in the areas around it and the large amount of fresh water that circulates in its environment. Its temperature does not vary much, being always close to 0 ºC. Despite being classified as an ocean, it is limited for fishing and sea transport, due to the low temperatures.

Defrost and Global Warming

The melting is a phenomenon caused by global warming, triggered by the intensification of the greenhouse effect, where ice melts in the Arctic and other parts of the world. Global warming is a phenomenon that brings about an increase in the average temperatures of the Earth, in addition to climate changes.

Since 1996 there has been a decrease in ice on Earth. Among the main areas affected by the phenomenon are the Arctic, Greenland, Antarctica and several mountain ranges. In addition, if this melting continues, it will cause an environmental imbalance and harm many marine species, such as walruses, whales, polar bears, among other animals; Populations living in coastal areas will also suffer from the melt, as there will be a considerable increase in water in the oceans. According to scientists and some NASA research, the melting process in Greenland intensified in 2004. If there is a considerable increase in the temperature of the Earth, it will be more common to see the formation of lakes in the interior of that territory.

The 50 smallest importers in the world

Rank Country Imports ($)
1 Nauru (Australia-Oceania) 6,000,000
2 Sao Tome and Principe (Africa) 40,000,000
3 Falkland Islands (South America) 118,000,000
4 Comoros (Africa) 129,000,000
5 Gambia (Africa) 218,000,000
6 Guinea-Bissau (Africa) 224,000,000
7 Burundi (Africa) 233,000,000
8 East Timor (Asia) 256,000,000
9 Rwanda (Africa) 258,000,000
10 Dominica (North America) 297,000,000
11 Seychelles (Africa) 542,000,000
12 American Samoa (Australia-Oceania) 547,000,000
13 Cape Verde (Africa) 561,000,000
14 Laos (Asia) 567,000,000
15 Maldives (Asia) 638,000,000
16 Somalia (Africa) 662,000,000
17 Belize (North America) 686,000,000
18 Eritrea (Africa) 694,000,000
19 Malawi (Africa) 697,000,000
20 Guyana (South America) 704,000,000
21 Guinea (Africa) 712,000,000
22 Faroe Islands (Europe) 717,000,000
23 Congo (Africa) 974,000,000
24 Chad (Africa) 1,043,000,000
25 Kyrgyzstan (Asia) 1,078,000,000
26 Benin (Africa) 1,127,000,000
27 Djibouti (Africa) 1,147,000,000
28 Mauritania (Africa) 1,266,000,000
29 Togo (Africa) 1,303,000,000
30 Lesotho (Africa) 1,324,000,000
31 Tajikistan (Asia) 1,370,000,000
32 Haiti (North America) 1,388,000,000
33 Bermuda (North America) 1,489,000,000
34 Fiji (Australia-Oceania) 1,557,000,000
35 Armenia (Asia) 1,620,000,000
36 Madagascar (Africa) 1,687,000,000
37 Barbados (North America) 1,690,000,000
38 Swaziland (Africa) 1,734,000,000
39 Uganda (Africa) 1,778,000,000
40 New Caledonia (Australia-Oceania) 2,042,000,000
41 Bolivia (South America) 2,177,000,000
42 Nepal (Asia) 2,187,000,000
43 Mozambique (Africa) 2,194,000,000
44 Gabon (Africa) 2,342,000,000
45 Zambia (Africa) 2,353,000,000
46 Zimbabwe (Africa) 2,370,000,000
47 Moldova (Europe) 2,414,000,000
48 Papua New Guinea (Australia-Oceania) 2,452,000,000
49 Namibia (Africa) 2,540,000,000
50 Tanzania, United Republic of (Africa) 2,608,000,000
Import is the common name for the import of goods and services from economic entities that are domiciled outside the respective country.

Source: Wholevehicles.com

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